Cystar Team
PCOS is a condition characterised by an imbalance of reproductive hormones, leading to issues such as irregular periods, excessive androgen levels, and the development of small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on the ovaries. This hormonal imbalance affects metabolism, fertility, and overall health.
1. Irregular or Missed Periods
One of the most common signs of PCOS is irregular menstrual cycles. Many women experience:
- Missed periods for months at a time.
- Heavier or lighter bleeding than usual.
- Fewer than eight periods a year.
2. Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism)
Due to elevated androgen (male hormone) levels, women with PCOS often notice unwanted hair growth on the face, chest, back, or other areas where men typically grow hair.
3. Acne and Oily Skin
PCOS can cause persistent acne that doesn’t respond well to traditional treatments. This occurs due to excess androgens increasing oil production, leading to clogged pores and breakouts.
4. Weight Gain and Difficulty Losing Weight
A large percentage of women with PCOS struggle with weight gain and difficulty losing weight, particularly around the abdomen. This is often linked to insulin resistance, a condition that makes it harder for the body to regulate blood sugar levels.
5. Thinning Hair or Hair Loss
While some women experience excessive hair growth, others notice hair thinning or hair loss, particularly at the crown of the head. This is known as androgenic alopecia and is caused by high androgen levels.
6. Infertility or Difficulty Getting Pregnant
PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility due to irregular ovulation or the absence of ovulation altogether. Women trying to conceive may face challenges without medical intervention or lifestyle changes.
7. Fatigue and Mood Swings
Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can lead to chronic fatigue, mood swings, anxiety, and depression. The connection between PCOS and mental health is significant, making emotional well-being an essential aspect of treatment.
8. Dark Patches on the Skin (Acanthosis Nigricans)
Some women with PCOS develop darkened skin patches, particularly around the neck, underarms, groin, or other body folds. This is a sign of insulin resistance, a common issue in PCOS.
9. Bloating and Digestive Issues
PCOS can contribute to digestive problems such as bloating, constipation, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), likely due to inflammation and hormonal fluctuations.
10. Sleep Apnoea
Some women with PCOS may experience sleep apnoea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, leading to poor rest and increased daytime fatigue.
11. Depression and Anxiety
PCOS is closely linked to mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety, due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and body image concerns.
12. Skin Tags
Many women with PCOS notice small, excess skin growths (skin tags), particularly in areas prone to friction, such as the neck and underarms.
13. High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
PCOS increases the risk of high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, which may contribute to a higher chance of heart disease.
14. Joint Pain and Inflammation
Some women with PCOS experience chronic inflammation, leading to joint pain and stiffness.
Less Common Symptoms of PCOS
While the symptoms above are the most frequently reported, some women may also experience:
- Pelvic pain – occasional discomfort or cramping unrelated to menstruation.
- Sleep disturbances – trouble falling or staying asleep.
- Headaches – due to fluctuating hormone levels.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience two or more of the symptoms listed above, it’s important to consult a gynaecologist or endocrinologist. Early diagnosis can help prevent long-term complications like diabetes, heart disease, and infertility.
Diagnosis May Include...
- Blood tests to check hormone and insulin levels.
- Ultrasound to examine ovarian cysts and uterine lining.
- A thorough review of medical history and symptoms.
Conclusion
Recognising PCOS symptoms early is crucial for effective management and preventing complications. If you suspect you have PCOS, consult a healthcare provider to discuss testing and treatment options.
Next steps...
Adopt a healthy lifestyle: Focus on balanced nutrition, exercise, and stress management.
Seek medical advice: Early intervention can help prevent complications.
Stay informed: Read more about PCOS management, fertility options, and hormonal health.
Frequently Asked Questions
PCOS is a chronic condition, but symptoms can be managed with diet, exercise, medications, and lifestyle changes.
Not all women with PCOS experience weight gain, but insulin resistance makes it more common. A balanced diet and exercise routine can help maintain a healthy weight.
Yes, some women with PCOS may still have regular cycles but experience other symptoms like acne, hair loss, or difficulty conceiving.
Irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain are often the earliest indicators of PCOS.
